Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath

Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of Tendon Sheath is a benign, or non-cancerous, tumor that can emerge from the tendon sheath or synovium. It most commonly affects the fingers and hand and can be treated with surgical resection or removal of the mass.



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What is Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath?

Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of Tendon Sheath is a benign, or non-cancerous, tumor that can emerge from the tendon sheath or synovium. It most commonly affects the fingers and hand. It is the second most common benign, soft-tissue tumor of the hand. It is usually slow-growing and painless, and can be removed with surgery.

Who is usually affected?
Who is usually affected?
  • • The majority of cases occur between 30-50 years of age.
  • • Slightly more common in women.
  • • Fairly common soft-tissue mass.
Causes
Causes
  • • The cause of GCT of tendon sheath is unknown.
Common Sites Involved
Common Sites Involved
  • • Hands and fingers
  • • Feet and toes
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
  • • Usually asymptomatic and painless, however individuals may notice a slow-growing mass.
  • • Some patients may experience pain depending if the tumor is located near nerves or vessels.
Biological Behavior
Biological Behavior
  • • Rarely involves the skin, yet GCT of tendon sheath may erode the bone.
  • • GCT of tendon sheath does not metastasize, or spread throughout the body.
  • • Very rare occurrence that the tumor may become malignant.
  • • Recurrence may occur and is at a greater risk if it's a diffuse and poorly encapsulated lesion, located distally, involves the extensor and flexor tendon of the joint, involved intraosseously, presence of satellite lesions, and/or pre-existing degenerative joint disease.
  • • Rarely aggressive.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
  • • The work-up for a Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath often consists of a physical examination, X-ray, and MRI scans. The diagnosis is often confirmed with a biopsy, which samples the tumor for further analysis.

Risk to your limbs

Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of Tendon Sheath is a benign, or non-cancerous, tumor that can emerge from the tendon sheath or synovium. If left untreated, there is a risk that the mass will continue to grow and potentially erode an adjacent bone. This continuous growth will weaken the bone and perhaps cause it to break, which is called a pathological fracture. Without treatment, there is a rare risk that GCT of tendon sheath can become malignant (cancerous).

Radiographic imaging is used to help form a diagnosis of GCT of Tendon Sheath. These include X-Ray, MRI, CT and Bone Scans

An example of an MRI is shown.

GCT Tendon Sheath MRI

Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath

The primary treatment for giant cell tumors (GCT) of tendon sheath is complete excision of the tumor. Additionally, if the mass returns, that too can be surgically removed. GCT of tendon sheath is a benign soft-tissue mass, therefore systemic treatment, such as chemotherapy, is not needed.

Surgery
Surgery

Surgical treatment includes wide or radical resections to remove the complete tumor and additional margins. The removal of additional, surrounding margins ensures that the tumor is completely removed and decreases the chances of the tumor coming back.

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Hey! I am Dr. Wittig.

Myself and my amazing team are dedicated to saving your life and your limb. Losing a limb because of a tumor can be a terrifying experience. But, it does not have to be the only option. I’ve spent 20+ years as a Board-Certified Orthopedic Surgeon and Orthopedic Oncologist.

I’ve devoted my career to helping children and adults afflicted with bone and soft tissue masses by performing complex limb saving surgeries. Most patients can have their limb saved, which may require innovative techniques.

Patients afflicted with musculoskeletal tumors have complex conditions that are best taken care of at large hospitals. I am the Chairman of Orthopedics and Chief of Orthopedic Oncology at Morristown Medical Center. My philosophy is a multidisciplinary team approach, working together to tailor treatment to individual patients. Education and research are essential to my practice, providing the best setting for extraordinary patient care. Because of this, we have some of the top results in the country.